Health Care Encyclopedia
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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyDefinition: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare inflammatory disorder that causes damage to the material (myelin) that covers nerves. The nerve damage related to PML occurs within the white matter of the brain.
Alternative Names: PML
Causes, incidence, and risk factors: PML is caused by the JC virus (JCV). This virus is found in a lot of people, but usually does not cause symptoms. However, it�triggers PML�in people who have poor immune function (immunocompromised). The disease occurs in 4% of adults with AIDS.
Symptoms: Symptoms and signs include loss of coordination, clumsiness, memory loss, progressively worsening weakness of the legs, and to a lesser extent, arms. Other signs may include loss of language capability (aphasia), visual field defects, and headaches.
Signs and tests: Tests may include:
Treatment: Treatment consists of anti-viral and other medications.
Expectations (prognosis): PML is almost always deadly. Most patients die within 3 to 6 months.
Calling your health care provider:
References: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 5th ed. London: Churchill Livingstone; 2000:1856-1861. Cohen J, Powderly WG. Infectious Diseases. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Elsevier; 2004:2046.
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| Review Date: 4/28/2006
Reviewed By: Daniel Kantor, M.D., Director of the Comprehensive MS Center, Neuroscience Institute, University of Florida Health Science Center, Jacksonville, FL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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