The diagnosis of adenomyosis can only be made after a pathologist examines uterine wall samples.

The cause is unknown. Sometimes a focal area of adenomyosis appears to cause a mass or growth within the uterus, which is called an adenomyoma. The disease usually occurs in women older than 30 who have borne children and rarely occurs in women who have not carried a pregnancy to term.

Some degree of adenomyosis affects 60% of women, but in most cases is not symptomatic.

• The uterus is often 2-3 times the normal size
• Prolonged or heavy menstrual bleeding
• Painful menstruation
  • New onset of menstrual cramping
  • Becomes increasingly worse

Note: In many cases, the woman may not have any symptoms.

Pelvic examination may reveal an enlarged, slightly softened uterus, a uterine mass, or uterine tenderness. Additionally, an ultrasound examination of the uterus may be helpful in differentiating between adenomyosis and other uterine tumors.

Usually the only treatment is pain medication (analgesics). A hysterectomy may be necessary in women with severe symptoms who are not approaching menopause.

Most treatment attempts with hormones have been unsuccessful.

Symptoms usually resolve after menstruation ceases (menopause). A hysterectomy completely resolves symptoms.

Oral contraceptives may aggravate symptoms of heavy bleeding or pain.

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of adenomyosis.