There are several pairs of salivary glands in different locations: a major pair in front of the ears (parotid glands); two major pair on the floor of the mouth; and several minor pairs within the lips, cheeks, and tongue.

One method of salivary gland biopsy is a needle biopsy. The skin over the gland is scrubbed. A local anesthetic may be injected, and a needle is inserted into the gland. A small "core" of gland tissue is removed with the needle and sent to the laboratory for analysis.

A biopsy can also be performed when all or part of a salivary gland is removed because of a tumor. An examination of the removed tissue can help to determine the type of tumor.

A lip biopsy can also be performed to diagnose diseases like Sjogren's syndrome.

For a needle biopsy, there is no special preparation, although fasting for a few hours may be advised. For surgical excision of a tumor, preparation is like any major surgery, including fasting for 6 to 8 hours.

During a needle biopsy, there may be some stinging or burning if a local anesthetic is injected. Insertion of the biopsy needle may cause pressure or mild discomfort which should only last for 1 or 2 minutes. Afterward, the area may feel tender or be bruised for a few days.

This test may be performed to confirm the presence of Sjogren's syndrome, or to determine the cause of lumps or abnormal growths of the salivary glands.

There is normal salivary gland tissue anatomy with no abnormal growths or inclusions.

• Salivary gland tumors
• Sjogren's syndrome

• Bleeding
• Infection
• Injury to the facial or trigeminal nerve (rare)
• Allergic reaction to the anesthetic